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Turkey is involved in various international disputes and plays a significant geopolitical role in its surrounding regions, including the Middle East, the Aegean Sea, and the Eastern Mediterranean. Key areas of international disputes and involvement for Turkey include: * **Syria and Iraq:** Turkey has deep involvement in the Syrian conflict, supporting armed opposition factions and conducting military operations against Kurdish organizations it considers terrorist groups, such as the PKK and YPG, in northern Iraq and Syria. This has led to complex relationships with various regional and international powers, including the US, Russia, and Iran. * **Eastern Mediterranean and Aegean Sea:** Long-standing disputes with Greece over maritime boundaries, airspace, and the militarization of Aegean islands continue to be a source of tension, occasionally escalating to near-military confrontation. Turkey also participates in the competition for oil and gas resources in the Mediterranean. * **Israel and Palestine (Gaza):** Turkey strongly advocates for a Palestinian state and has been a mediator in the Israel-Hamas conflict. Recently, Turkey welcomed a ceasefire agreement for Gaza and expressed its intention to join a joint action group to monitor its implementation. Turkey has also stated it is discussing sending troops to Gaza as part of an international stabilization force. * **Libya:** Turkey has supported the Government of National Accord (GNA) in Libya and has signed maritime delimitation agreements with it, participating in the competition for Mediterranean energy resources. * **Russia-Ukraine War:** Turkey has played a unique mediating role between Russia and Ukraine, hosting peace talks and facilitating agreements like the Black Sea Grain Initiative, while maintaining a delicate balance in its relations with both sides and its NATO allies. * **US Relations:** Tensions exist with the US over various issues, including Turkey’s purchase of Russian S-400 missile systems, which led to its exclusion from the F-35 fighter jet program. The US is wary of Turkey’s growing military strength potentially being used against allies like Greece and Israel. * **Regional Influence and “Neo-Ottomanism”:** Under President Erdoğan, Turkey has pursued a more assertive and interventionist foreign policy, aiming to expand its influence in regions once part of the Ottoman Empire (Middle East, Balkans, Caucasus, Central Asia, and Africa). This “Neo-Ottomanism” or “strategic depth” approach involves active engagement in regional disputes, military presence, and economic initiatives, often leading to complex and sometimes strained relations with other regional powers like Saudi Arabia and Iran. Considering these points, here is a click-worthy title for a simplified Chinese audience: 土耳其国际争端:为何埃尔多安能左右中东棋局并影响全球热点?
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